{"id":161238,"date":"2021-04-27T07:10:09","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T04:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ctrcenter.org6731-istoriya-povtoryaetsya-krymskij-istorik-gulnara-abdulaeva-o-sovremennoj-okkupacii-kryma-2"},"modified":"2021-04-27T07:10:09","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T04:10:09","slug":"6731-istoriya-povtoryaetsya-krymskij-istorik-gulnara-abdulaeva-o-sovremennoj-okkupacii-kryma-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctrcenter.org\/en\/6731-istoriya-povtoryaetsya-krymskij-istorik-gulnara-abdulaeva-o-sovremennoj-okkupacii-kryma-2","title":{"rendered":"History repeats – Crimean historian Gulnar Abdula about the modern occupation of Crimea"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

– How was the occupation of Crimea in 1783? What were the features of that period?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– In 1768, the Crimean Khanate, in alliance with the Ottoman Empire, entered the war with the Russian Empire, which formally ended in 1774 with the signing of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi peace. This agreement was rather conditional. People often appeal to it, but in fact he did not contain any political or diplomatic value. Since, in fact, the Crimean Khanate has never been dependent on any state, especially from the Ottoman Empire. Crimea and the Ottoman Empire have always been allies; as early as the 15th century, an agreement was signed between these states that expresses mutual support in all military and political campaigns. That is, this concept that Crimea was once dependent on the Ottoman Empire is very often substituted. As a rule, Russian historians have always been engaged in such propaganda back in the 18th century. Actually, when all the conferences that preceded the agreement were gathered, the parties could not come to a common decision, because the Ottoman and Crimean Tatar parties did not understand what Russia wanted, and Russia demanded some kind of independence.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, this agreement was signed, which stated that neither the Ottoman nor the Russian side had the right to deploy their military garrisons on the territory of the Crimean Khanate. And just a few days later, this treaty was violated by Russia by the landing of Russian troops near Alushta.<\/p>\n

Russia already at that time had plans for the gradual occupation of Crimea, then they wanted to conquer Constantinople.<\/p>\n

This is where the fun began. At that moment, there was a frequent change of khans, which negatively affected the political situation. Very often, the khans were re-elected, those, who could not cope with the management, and in 1777 \u015eahin Giray was elected. He was a fairly progressive young man, he had pro-European views, he looked at the Crimean Khanate as a strong, powerful state. He wanted to revive the Black Sea empire, and, accordingly, did not adhere to either the Ottoman side or the Russian.<\/p>\n

The Russian side took advantage of the change of power. At that time, there were already Russian troops on the peninsula, and it was important for Russia to keep them there. And that very propaganda began.<\/p>\n

There was a Russian diplomat Nikita Panin and his agents began to work very well in Crimea. They tried to shake the situation so that the Crimean Tatars completely renounced their khan and gradually went into the hands of the Russian Empire. But the Crimean Tatars remained loyal to their ruler. By the way, not only Crimean Tatars, but also the documents have survived, where Karaites, Krymchaks, and Urums wrote petitions that they did not want to go under anyone's hand and remained loyal to their Crimean Khan.<\/p>\n

Russian agents understood that this could not go on. Then Grigory Potemkin, who commanded the operation of the occupation of Crimea, gave the order to surround the Crimean peninsula with Russian ships from the sea, to lock the ports and forced the inhabitants of the peninsula, the Crimean Tatars, to submit to Russia. He commented on his actions as a direct order of the new Crimean Khan. All this was done so that the people would succumb to the provocation and oppose \u015eahin Giray. An uprising broke out, and it poured out against the khan. The Russian ministers made a decision to somehow “support” the last Crimean Khan, but he did not even know what rumors were spread throughout the entire Crimean peninsula. Naturally, he did not give any such instructions. But this situation served as a pretext to bring in additional troops and pacify the so-called anti-Khan uprising.<\/p>\n

The uprising was suppressed very harshly. And those people who were against, were killed by whole settlements. The repression was brutal. Everything happened very quickly, due to the fact that the Russian army was powerful, there were a lot of hired military leaders. Then they managed to quickly subordinate Crimea to their influence only, I repeat, thanks to the professional army.<\/p>\n

This is how they unceremoniously entered the Crimea. The manifesto was signed on April 19, 1783, but then in St. Petersburg they completely forgot that the khan did not write an official abdication from the throne. That is, the Giray dynasty of the Crimean khans is still considered legitimate, because the abdication was not signed.<\/p>\n

– What parallels can you draw with the 2014 occupation?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– History repeats once more. In principle, as they unceremoniously entered the Crimea back then, so they did this time. Again, they took advantage of the situation when Ukraine experienced a revolution. That is, they entered in that very weak moment, just like in 1783. Since by 1774 the Crimean Khanate was rather weak after a grueling war.<\/p>\n

Therefore, parallels can be drawn. It was all exactly the same. An unceremonious invasion at the weakest moment for the state.<\/p>\n

– What was the position of the Crimean Tatars during the occupation? What was their opinion? What are the similarities and differences with the current situation on the peninsula?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Crimean Tatars did not swear allegiance to the Russian empress. In fact, only a few beys swore allegiance, fearing for their own lives. Their signatures were on the documents, but a few beys are not the people, this is not the government.<\/p>\n

The occupation of Crimea in 2014 came as a shock to the indigenous Crimean Tatar people. Here you can draw parallels between 1783 and 2014. It was really a shock for the Crimean Tatars, and at that time, no one perceived that the government had changed, and therefore the Russian Empire, for its part, tried to make the people more loyal to it. But that did not happen.<\/p>\n

The fact is that they began to attract the clergy to their side in order to persuade the people through them to the side of Russia. But it is worth emphasizing that not a single clergyman was led to this provocation. And therefore, it was the clergy who were the first to succumb to repression.<\/p>\n

– After the occupation of Crimea in 2014, according to various sources, more than 50,000 Crimeans left the peninsula, most of whom are Crimean Tatars. What was the situation with this 200 years ago?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Indeed, then many people were forced to leave Crimea. First, the first persons of the state began to leave the country: ministers of war, nobles, and then ordinary Crimean Tatars. They had no choice, since the repressive machine worked very hard and at that time, even then, Potemkin had the idea of expelling the Crimean Tatars from the southern coast of Crimea to the outback of Russian provinces.<\/p>\n

The people began to suffer because of the oppression, Russian officials began to arrive, and new rules appeared. They began to take land from the Crimean Tatars and give it to the Crimean nobility. Before that period, the peninsula had 2 million inhabitants, but after the occupation, Crimea was half orphaned.<\/p>\n

A lot of people went to the Ottoman Empire. Just like today, they thought that they were leaving temporarily, but nevertheless this was the first wave of emigration when the Crimean Tatars left Crimea. The second wave was 80 years later during the Crimean War, the third was in 1917, and in 2014, as it turned out, the fourth wave came. Of course, it is smaller, but every day more and more people leave Crimea for one reason or another.<\/p>\n

Summing up, we can say with confidence that history is actually cyclical and everything repeats once more. But how long will it take now to restore justice?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first occupation of Crimea took place 238 years ago: in 1783, a manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to Russia was read in all large settlements of the Crimean Khanate. How did it all happen then? Are there any similarities with the current occupation of the peninsula by Russia? You can read about this in an interview with the Crimean historian Gulnar Abdula.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":161239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-161238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHistory repeats - Crimean historian Gulnar Abdula about the modern occupation of Crimea - \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ctrcenter.org\/en\/6731-istoriya-povtoryaetsya-krymskij-istorik-gulnara-abdulaeva-o-sovremennoj-okkupacii-kryma-2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History repeats - Crimean historian Gulnar Abdula about the modern occupation of Crimea - \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The first occupation of Crimea took place 238 years ago: in 1783, a manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to Russia was read in all large settlements of the Crimean Khanate. 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